Correct Answer: A

I.    Estimates based on costs per square foot are prepared to create a project budget and determine its feasibility. It is based on historical information with adjustments made for specific project conditions. This type of estimating is most often used during preliminary design phase, but can be used during schematic design phase as well.
II.    Volume (in cubic feet) of construction is another method of cost estimating that less frequently used for preliminary estimates.
III.    Budgeting during early SD phase is most often based on major subsystems (foundations, superstructure, roofing, fixed equipment etc.). Historical cost information on each type of subsystem for building type can be obtained from published cost estimating manuals and databases. When it applied, design decisions can be then based on studies of alternative systems. The dollar amounts included in system costs usually include markup for contractor's overhead and profit and other construction administrative costs.
IV.    Quantity survey method involves detailed calculation of all the components necessary to construct the building, following the pricing of each component. This approach is most often used by contractors during bidding or during construction documents phase, if, for example, a construction manager involved.
V.    Unit Cost method involves counting the units that the building is designed for and is used in early design phases.  It can be based on the number of rooms, apartments or dormitories, beds in Hospitals or nursing homes, parking spaces in parking garages or seats for assembly places.
VI.    Materials take offs is used in later design phases when expanded itemization of construction quantities is calculated. For example, instead of using one number for floor finishes, they are broken down into carpeting, vinyl tile, wood flooring, unfinished concrete, and so forth.